Planting sunflowers.

Sunflower oil is economically important crop, after soybean And palm oil. Sunflower relatively good drought tolerance. Compared to other crops such as corn, soybeans and sunflower seeds, green beans are highly nutritious. The residue obtained after extraction of oil and 40-50 percent protein sunflower oil are polyunsaturated fatty acids of about 88 percent higher than soybeans. And palm oil and contains antioxidants Antioxidants have the potential to keep longer than other vegetable oils. Because sunflower oil is high value. It is a market demand for both domestic and foreign consumption. And is used in industries such as oil paints, varnishes sunflower stem section can be made of good quality paper. Problems of plant constraints and opportunities. • Lack of good quality varieties of the government. Although many agencies have conducted research. Sunflower for over 30 years, but no variety sunflower to encourage farmers. • relatively high priced seed about 180-240 baht per kg, representing 20-25 percent of the cost of production. • Planting sunflowers in an environment that is not appropriate. • sunflower yield is relatively low. Species. Select varieties. • high yield of good quality and meet the needs of the market. • Resistance to pests. • better growth. Suitable weather to plant. Popular variety grown. Varieties for oil. Pacific 33. Hybrids are imported from abroad. Have the ability to mix yourself. Percentage seed set 96 per cent flowering, age 58 days 92 days harvesting flowers 13 cm diameter plate yield 218 kilograms per rai, 1000 seed weight of 49 g seeds black gray pattern. 39 percent oil in seeds. Chiang Mai one species. Open pollinated varieties. (Synthetic variety) that developed in the country. 90 percent percent of the seed bloom 58 days old 100 days old harvest flowers 15 cm diameter dishes to yield 203 kg 203 kg per acre production in 1000 seeds weight to 48 grams seed black seed oil in 35 percent Varieties for crunch Sai species. Open pollinated varieties bloom 64 days old plate size is quite large flowers. Diameter 19 cm to 107 days of age harvested yield the best in the North 309 kg per rai. Relatively large grain sizes. Grain size after the crack length x width x thickness equal to 1.3 x 0.5 x 0.2 cm Weight 112 g, 1000 seeds in the seed oil is relatively low 33 percent. Appropriate environment. • upland or lowland not flooded. A slope less than 5 percent. • The height from sea level up to 500 meters. • loamy sand soil. Clay loam. Or clay A drainage And well ventilated. • Soil should be moderately fertile. Organic matter is not less than 1 percent. • pH value between 6.0 to 7.5. • optimum temperature around 18-35 degrees Celsius. • Rainfall 800-1200 mm spread evenly throughout the year. Implantation Growing season. • In the field condition in the late planting season. September - mid October Scattered rainfall throughout the growing season 400-600 mm. • In the rice growing conditions during the dry season. Months from October to December. • In field conditions with irrigation. Can grow in the range as well. Soil preparation. • In field conditions Atda 30-35 cm deep into dry soil tillage 7 days a cliff again million 7. • In the state Na Atda 20-25 cm deep into dry soil tillage 7 days a cliff again million 7 lifting groove groove may be planted for growing a single row or double row by lifting the groove width of 1.5 meters. Growing methods. 75 x 25 cm plant spacing sowing 2 seeds per hole 4-5 cm deep hole and filling it to a separate withdrawal from the hole and then 10 days after emergence at approximately 8533 trees per rai. Maintenance. Instructions for the specialty fertilizer brand lotus Tip. • sandy loam or loamy sand. Organic matter is less than 1.0 percent of the fertilizer used in Formula 2 division rate of 50 kg per rai enter 2 times. Put together the first planting (second bottom groove or the bottom hole) 50 kg per rai. No. 2 on sunflower seed germination after 20-25 days of age to use fertilizer formula 2 at a rate of 50 kg per rai. By row and then sprinkle the filling. Of water • Na conditions or field conditions. Planting during the dry season by providing irrigation water on a regular basis in the amount of 30-35 mm at a time every 10-14 days and stop the water at the end of a seed, or about 20-25 days after flowering, then a total of 6. -7 times throughout the growing season. • In this case, the groove between the rows planted by the water. High water level should be 2 / 3 of the depth of the groove After the water then. Do not let the flood field up to 24 hours. Major diseases and control measures. Leaf spot or leaf blight. Symptom is a small brown leaf spots with a yellow band around the wound. Points are enlarged. Shape uncertainty. And causes leaf blight. Later the lesions to spread. To all parts of the sunflower, above ground stem from the leaf petiole, calyx, petals, flowers and dishes to break the infection from other parts of the sunflower and then spread up to the summit. The burning sunflower and dry the dishes before the little flower withered grain yield under the litter should be removed. The disease by burning. Removed from the plot. Rot or black tea, Nicole Roth. The sunflower is an infection will be smaller than normal. Dry, withered leaves track down early next Car. The next stem surface dark brown lesions spread from the stem to other parts of the stems and roots. Split view on dust grains found in the small round black or dark gray distribution in the tissue around the block and across the transport, water and food The sunflower wither and die should withdraw from burning. Sunflower's disease and should not leave the sunflower severe dehydration in the air. Hot weather and low humidity in the soil. Leaf curl disease. Leaf curl ups face is cup-shaped leaf from the top down to the middle. The bottom leaves will find the nature of vein and varicose veins and branch lines visible. The meat, shredded leaves are dark green vein generally spread from the leaves shrivel shrink did not have to scrub, scrub, flower In this case, the interest Flowers may have unusual shapes when sunflowers were a disease. Should be withdrawn from the field and be destroyed. And control the spread of sucking insects such as whitefly. Important insect pests and diseases. Bollworm. Eat seeds, flowers and drill plate. The flowers rot damage. Severe damage. Will yield more damage. Substance should use a tri-chain phospholipid. And Pioneer Chlor River phospholipid spray. Leafhoppers. Embryonic and adult like suction cup leaves a child beneath the leaf margins shrink bent bent upward leaf roll. If severe outbreak would cause the edges of dried leaves or leaf blight reduced yields should Substance Links Car Pioneer Consulting girlfriend Claudia St. Joseph River. Weed control measures. • Keep debris out of the weeds over the year before planting sunflowers conversion. • weed control by workers. Or machinery at 20-25 days old sunflower Mulching with crop residues or straw immediately after planting. • In the case of weed control methods mentioned above are not effective enough. May choose to use spray herbicide

Harvest Sunflower harvest under the age of varieties grown. Or at the age of about 90 to 120 days or after the flowers begin to change the dish brown, about 7-14 days, using scissors, cut flower plate. By selecting only the perfect flowers. Post-harvest practices. • Water harvesting flowers and plates 1-2 sun sun on deck or cement dry on a canvas and covered with sunflower dishes pile canvas at night. To prevent dew • grain crackers from plate flowers. The flowers on a plate in the bag. Or sack then. The timber break Or use the modified soy massage and then speed around 200 -350 rpm. • peel and seed the sun the sun to reduce moisture in the 1-2 seeds. Only about 12-14 percent and then to clean the seeds. • contains hemp seeds in a bag that is not damaged, clean • Trim the mouth sacks to complete. Pak and sewing bag with rope. • put the bag containing sunflower seeds in the shade. The area with wood minor Transportation • during transportation. Sunflower seeds should not be moisture • Trucks must be clean. Appropriate to the amount of sunflower seeds. • Do not use a car that carried the soil or animal manure, chemical fertilizer, anti. Pesticides. It may have been contaminated. Unless cleaned properly before the truck. • In case of transportation sunflower seeds during the rainy season. Must have a canvas cover to protect the sunflower seeds is moisture. And has been damaged. Fatty acid in the oil major. List Polyunsaturated fatty acids. Department of saturated fat. No Impact play list c acid. Safflower oil. Corn oil. Sunflower oil. Soybean oil. Rice bran oil. Sesame oil Cotton seed oil (kapok). Peanut oil. Oil palm 87. 84. 83. 80. 80. 80. 71. 76. 49. 8. 10. 12. 15. 16. 14. 25. 18. 45. 72. 53. 63. 52. 37. 42. 50. 29. 8. Source: Church Saowanee safeguard 2526. Nutrition present New York: Thai Wattana Panich.

Source reference: www.doa.go.th.