Durian plantation

Species. Market demand for the four varieties, including Golden-breasted Mon Thong and Chani Uganyay because production is not the same market. Gibbon species from gold buttons and Monthong Uganyay respectively. Monthong species. Advantages: higher prices than other varieties of fruit weight, very good meat, very little seed withered flesh smells of cooked dry white cat kept for very long. Not as gut absorption. Cons: susceptible to root rot rot disease. Gibbon species. Advantages: resistant to root rot disease flowering stem rot fairly easy tasty dried meat color. Disadvantages: unsure on a flower, but fruit is difficult to absorb simple filling. Susceptible to leaf attached. Uganyay species. Advantages: good fruit weight, good price very good. Disadvantages: quite susceptible to root rot rot diseases shell thickness less meat. Gut absorption is relatively easy. Ripe fruit has not kept up the bottom of brittle life to be slowed. Breasted species. Advantages: no problem filling leak It is a lighter variety. Harvested before the rain. Early flowering of the faster it sells a good price at the beginning of the season the fruit easy to express a life that fast. Cons: susceptible to root rot rot disease. Environment suitable for durian. * There are no flooded areas. The height of 0-650 m above sea level is about 1-3 percent slope, but should not exceed 15 percent of convenient transportation. Fast shipping product. * Loamy sand. Good drainage, high fertility soil deeper than 50 cm groundwater level deeper than 75 cm in the soil pH between 5.5 to 6.5. * Hot and humid. Optimum temperature around 10-46 degrees Celsius for more than 30 percent relative humidity. * More than 2,000 mm of rainfall per year. Good distribution of rainfall. Continuing with the season less than three months per year. * There is enough water throughout the year (approximately 600-800 cubic meters per farm) does not contain organic and inorganic chemicals that are toxic contamination. PH 6.0 to 7.5 pH of water between the salt solution is not more than 1.4 mmol / cm John.

Implantation Site preparation. 1. Upland. Tillage to prepare the land flat. And dig drainage groove garden. If the upland trees ever planted before. No tillage. 2. Lowland. * No more flooded areas. The bulk soil to the growing flow of about 0.75 to 1.20 m high and planted durian on the central ridge of mound * Areas with more flooding. Groove Garden has raised short groove width of not less than 6 meters to park a short channel groove Width of not less than 6 m to 1.5 m wide channel with 1-meter deep drainage in - out as well. Growing methods. Selected species. From strength to meet a variety rootstock cultivars resistant to root rot rot disease. Root system is not curled or bent. Thick and dark green leaves. Spacing. * Systems square or triangle. Spacing between rows and trees 8x8 meters or 10x10 meters. * System wide from close line. Spacing between rows and from 10x5 or 12x6 meters meters. Prepare a planting hole. * Dig deep hole dimensions 50x50x50 cm * Soil mixed with dry grass, manure and chemical fertilizer. * The soil dry for a while until the collapse of the remains of the soil. Top soil down to other fully. * Plant species in the holes to the interface of stem and roots above ground level, covering the soil around the stem tightly. A passenger lift or platform mound * Do not dig holes, plant * Place the stem and then remove as much digging in the same level as the surface of the stem. The inclination to look around a radius of about 1 meter covering the soil firmly. Maintenance. The dimmed light for a small tree. * Use natural materials such as pavilions Drongamaporngry embroidered across the durian trees or * Use light or camouflage netting. * Fast-growing trees planted between rows of durian to the distance between the beginning of the fast-growing wood that can radiate light to camouflage canopy trees such as durian, banana and about 30-40 percent Lang etc. Of fertilizer * Manure rate is Slug Kee per plant (2.25 kg = 1 slug Kee), representing two times the diameter of canopy (m) to enter a year, divided enter 2 times fertilizer - organic brand lotus Tip Formula 2 position in kg. per tree per year. Canopy diameter was equivalent to (m), such as tree canopy with a diameter of 1 meter by 1 kg of fertilizer input divided 2-4 times. Of water * The appropriate irrigation system. Water system to cast a small head. * Water needs of small durian trees around 0.6 times the rate of evaporation. (Mm / day) multiplied by the area under the canopy, such as in the east When the rate of evaporation of water from 3.8 to 5.7 mm per day under the canopy area 1 square meter is equal to 2.3 to 3.4 liters of water per plant per day. Pruning and canopy control. * Planting of about 1 to 1.5 years after pruning to a single trunk. By cutting the shape from clear. From structural strength. Always beautiful. When Durian began to yield to the King, President King 12-15 early round. Each branch spread of 10-15 cm in the first sub branch president is above the ground about 1 meter. * Branches, each branch will be President, Vice King King 3-4. * Branches, each branch is a branch vice modest fields and shading each other. How important insect pests. Aphid bantam Nature and destruction: The adult and larvae from the suction cup leaves party. Bend the leaf curl if the pandemic leaves fall and dry total mortality. Control measures: encouraging young durian different balance. Conservation of natural enemies. I installed with sticky glue traps. Spray insecticide on top was destroyed more than 30%. Thrips. Nature and destruction: The adult and larvae from the suction cup of raising flowers and the flowers dry and mild fall has thorns ulcerated Leafhoppers fringe Nature and destruction: The adult and larvae culture shock drink made from the leaves of the twisted leaves burn leaf edges if spread in the leaves to make leaf fall. Control measures: encouraging young durian different balance with conservation. Natural enemies. Installation sticky glue traps. ฉee unsure when spraying pesticides found balance. Destroyed more than 30%. Aphid powder Nature and destruction: The adult and larvae culture of the vacuum cup. The ants help bring lessons to the rest. Of durian trees. Resulting in dwarf scrub And fungi to destroy the duplicate. Control measures: cutting of the aphid powder was not completely destroyed and burned. Water spray aphids fall from the flour. Should not be planted host plants of aphids in the garden of durian powder. Spraying of insecticides. When the destruction of 20% per tree. Moina Africans. Nature and destruction: The adult and larvae culture shock in front of a cup of durian leaf to leaf fall. Control measures. : Water spray into the canopy. Conservation wrong enemy nations. I of flea spray chemicals on the leaves were damaged more than 25%. Worms eat fruit stem Nature and destruction: the pole worm bite nibble fruit durian, the wound is bad quality. Control measures: conservation of natural enemies. Cut results destroyed. Spray insecticide on the destroyed more than 10% per tree. The borer. Nature and destruction: the worms eat the nest surface and durian fruit. If penetration into the skin will cause the rotten meat when cooked. Control measures: conservation of natural enemies. Trimming the adjacent pairs. And incomplete. Catch the worm break off of the destroyed spraying insecticide on the destroyed more than 10% per tree. Durian seed borer. Nature and destruction: the durian seed borer China to eat the seeds and taking information out. Durian meat stained damaged worms live in until the durian fruit to When the larvae mature. If the hole before falling. Out to pupa in the soil. Control measures. Cut results destroyed. Spraying of insecticides. When you see the epidemic. Weed control measures. Cut every 2-3 months as short weeds with a lawn mower or using different herbicide Harvest index. 1. The age effect on flowering until harvest. Which is approximately 90-100 days 105-110 days for the golden-breasted varieties gibbon species and varieties Monthong 120-135 days. 2. Observe the shaft. When the durian fruit starts to stick to solid colors and darker. When you touch will feel rough hands. Pakpeing growth area will swell. The boundaries clear. When the handle lever and swing the durian fruit. Spoke to felt that more of the spring. 3. Observe barbed end is dry, dark brown spines brittle and easily broken spines flare groove spines miles on compressed spine together. Feel that the spring 4. Fissure between lobe observed that characteristics such as durian fruit. Will notice the Pooh rift clearly. Except for some species such as Uganyay not apparent. 5. The knock the shell. When the knock on the durian fruit is arranged to clear any noise or light accents. Varies depending on varieties of durian. 6. Observe nude Durian flesh color will change from white to light yellow. Or dark yellow. The characteristics of each species. And the different. 7. To leave the durian fruit fall Durian flowers usually in early versions of the same individual. Will not bloom at the same time. (Difference not exceeding 10 days), so when the durian fruit ripening on the tree started to fall and it is a sign warning that Durian left on the tree start to Can be harvested now. 8. The taste of a leech, when polarity or leech off of the durian fruit to organize. Will find that there is clear water. Durian is not concentrated as in the soft clay. When viewing a sweet taste. How to harvest Use sharp knife cut the stem above the fruit pole To fall from the tree. And sent down to people waiting under the tree. Use hemp sacks whip affected. Or how to sprinkle down the rope. Place the bamboo in the Kheng. Or in areas provided. Try to avoid placing durian fruit on the ground directly in the garden. To prevent. Fungal contamination in the soil. Postharvest. Separation of the blame. Separate transport arranged orderly on the area clean. Waiting for transport to the packing plant selection. Post-harvest practices that contain plant selection. * Selected output visually impaired. Defects such as durian, immature insects and diseases and so separate. * Sizing and screening quality. Quality standards of the durian. * Clean the durian fruit quality and selection. The air force. To eliminate waste and some insects from the surface. Durian fruit, then dipping in a solution of chemicals Ben Mills + Casino phosphorus acid to prevent the rot. * Durian fruit dipped in a solution ethyl von 1000-2000 ppm or partial immersion in a solution of ethyl shaft von 10,000 ppm in the case of durian be transported by air. Which takes about 2-3 days before reaching consumers. To make the durian fruit is always cooked well. * Dry the product to dry on the platform support. * When dried durian fruit. Products that are labeled terminal durian fruit. Then packed into carton box, packing 10 kgs and trailers moving goods with cold to the port or airport. Sales in overseas markets. Or stored at 15 degrees C, humidity 85-90%, to wait for transport. To sell to foreign markets. Storage * Durian fruit harvested ago Can be kept at 30 degrees C. for 2-9 days at 20 ° C. for 5-12 days. * Storage of durian fruit at 15 degrees C, humidity 85-90% will maintain the durian for about 2 weeks depending upon the age Raw durian fruit, the symptoms Chilling (chilling injury), if stored at temperatures below 15 degrees C in the skin is black or brown at spine groove. And spread throughout the meat is not cooked until the symptoms and the collapse of the flesh.